
^"I'^-'Hr^ 



CROWN SERIES 



OF 



HISTORICAL OUTLINES 

BY 
SEVERE E. FROST 

English History 



H 



DALLAS, TEXAS 
THE SOUTHERN PUBLISHING CO. 

1915 



FOREWORD 



2> 



This OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY is a part of a series of five volumes of outlines and out- 
line-maps covering the definite areas of Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern, English, United States (elementary), 
and American History. 

The PURPOSE of this outline, in common with the kindred volumes, is to render more readily 
available the subject matter of the scope it covers in the most systematic and logical vi^ay possible. 

The NEED for such outlines is apparent. History is accumulative and is already too vast in extent 
to be comprehended except by means of the "high lights." The general survey used in this outline of 
English History divides the field into eight distinct parts and follows such classification as seems most 
natural. On page ONE will be found the general division of the subject. 

The PLAN followed in this outline is to indicate the part of the field to be surveyed at the top of 
the page in bold type preceded by the initial letter used on page one. This is followed by the assignment 
containing references to three standard texts, namely — Cheyney, Andrews, and Montgomery. This in turn is 
followed by the presentation, a brief survey of the area under consideration. After this is a detailed out- 
line containing first the main divisions of the field and then their respective divisions and subdivisions. At 
the close of the lesson is a statement of the object which attempts to set forth a definite idea or goal. 
Hence a careful study of the ASSIGNMENT in the light of the PRESENTATION guided by the OUT- 
LINE to a definite OBJECT the pupil should more easily grasp the content of the subject and the teacher be 
assisted in making the work more vital. 

Outline-maps are placed at advantageous points in the book for illustrative purposes. 

The use of the EXPONENT in the body of the outline is merely to indicate the relation of the topic 
which it precedes to the main division of the subject under consideration. To illustrate — 3^ of 6 on page 
45 under Tudor England shows that the word AUTHORITY occupies third position from Henry VIII. 
and should be read — "The authority of the Star Chamber Court in the Preservation of order under Henry 
VIII." 

These outlines are the results of my own experience in teaching and helping high-school pupils to gather 
from the experiences of the race such of the essential elements of personal and national character which 
have contributed to the making of our present-day civilization and they are sent on their mission to both 
teachers and pupils with the hope that they will contribute something of real worth to the better apprecia- 
tion of the subject of history. 

Severe E. Frost. 

Fort Worth, Texas. 




Copyright, 1915 
By severe E. FROST 



li^cfi 



LRiahts Reserved 

1915 



'-'lAU' 



ENGLISH HISTORY 

PRESENTATION: English History should be thought of as one of the many divisions of Euro- 
pean History, differing only in those characteristics which arise from environments indigenous to particu- 
lar localities. The human family has been so long scattered abroad that the so-called racial elements have 
become an important factor in modern study which tends to gather again the mass of humanity into the 
folds of a common brotherhood. So it comes around that the Roman and the Celt and the Norman and the 
Saxon, kinsmen of old, meet again in the valley of the Thames and make their contributions — their gath- 
erings of the centuries — to the foundation of modern England. 

ENGLISH HISTORY: 

PAGE 

A. Prehistoric Britain 2 

(? to 55 B.C.). 

B. Roman Britain 5 

(55 B. C. 10410 A. D.). 

C. Saxon England 9 

(410 to 1066). 

D. Norman England 21 

(1066 to 1154). 

E. Angevin England 26 

(1154 to 1485). 

F. Tudor England 45 

(1485 to 1603). 

G. Stuart England 62 

(1603 to 1714)- 

H. Hanoverian England 84 

(1714 to 19—). 

OBJECT: The object or purpose of this outline is to set forth in a concise form the entire field 
of English History that the student will, at a glance, comprehend something of the content of the subject. 
This outline should be committed to memory. 



PREHISTORIC BRITAIN 

' (? to 55 B. C). 

ASSIGNMENT : Cheyney— Chapters i and 2. 

Andrews — Sections i and 2 of chapter i, 
Montgomery — Period i. 

PRESENTATION: The prehistoric period of English History is not a study for the student of his- 
tory so much as for the student of archaeology. The history student should, however, have some knowl- 
edge of these early eons of time upon which to rest inferences and interpretations. 

A. PREHISTORIC BRITAIN: 

I. Geography of the Country. 

1. The British Isles. 

i^. Their relative position and geological similarity to the continent. 

2^. Importance emphasized by geographical position. 

3-. Area compared to Texas. Area of British Isles 121,391 sq. miles. 

2. The Coast and Rivers. 

1^. Cliff-bound coast on the south and west. 
2^. Low-lying shore on the southeast and east. 
3^. Number and character of the rivers. 
4-. The advantages. 

3. The Surface. 

I-. In the southeast; possible industries. 

2°. In the center ; possible industries. 

3". In the north and west; possible industries. 

4. Climate, — 

i^. Mean temperature, rainfall, etc. 

2^. Causes of the general climatic conditions. 

3". Changeableness, fog districts, etc. 

5. Forests and Swamps, — 

I-. Locations and extent. 
2-. As shown in literature. 

6. Natural Products, — 

I-. The minerals; tin, lead, copper, clay, iron, and coal. 
2-. Timber (look up the kinds). 
3-. Live-stock: cattle, sheep, swine, etc. 
4^. Fisheries. 
II. The People,— 

1. The Prehistoric Races. 

I-. Evidences: skeletons, ornaments, drawings, and weapons. 

2. Divisions, — . . 

i^ Paleolithic, Old Stone Age, what they attained. 

2-. Neolithic, Polished Stone Age, what they attained. 

3^. Bronze, Age of Metals, what they attained. 

3. Their contribution to the historic peoples. 

I-. The use of fire. 

2^ The domestication of many plants and animals. 

3^. The rudiments of a language and a religion. 

OBJECT: The object of this outline is to present the physical foundations upon which has devel- 
oped the great English nation of the present. 

NOTE: The geography of the British Isles should be studied in connection with a good physical 
map showing the western half of the continent. Use the outline map on the following page to illustrate this 
lesson. 




SHOW ON THIS MAP THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ENG- 
LAND AND WESTERN EUROPE 



(— ROMAN BRITAIN 

(55 B. C. to 410 A. D.) 

ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney— Chapter 3. 

Andrews — Sections 2 and 3 of chapter i. 
Montgomery — Period 3. 
PRESENTATION: Roman Britain is that period of English history extending from the coming 
of Julius Caesar, 55 B. C, to the withdrawal of the Roman soldiers from the island by Honorius, the 
Roman Emperor, 410 A. D. 

B. ROMAN BRITAIN: 

1. Caesar's Invasions. 

I-. Reason for crossing the channel. 
2^. What he found and accomplished. 

2. ,The Celtic Peoples. 

i^ The Brythons,— 

Their location, industries, government and religion. 
2^. The Goidels, — 

Their location and importance. 
3°. The Picts and Caledonians, — 

Their location and importance. 

3. The Roman Conquest. 

i^. The influence of exiled native chieftains upon the Romans of Gaul. 
2-. Roman government established at Camulodunum by Claudius Caesar. 
3^. The capture of Caractacus. 

4^. The establishment of a Roman garrison on the island of Mona. 
5^. Insurrection of the Iceni; — 

i'. Causes,— 

I*. General. 
2*. Specific. 

2^. Events. 

3^. Results. 

4. The Romanizing of the Provinces, — 

Work of Julius Agricola, 78 to 85 A. D. 

5. Growth of Roman Towns in Britain. 

i^. In Celtic times. 
2^. In Roman times. 
3^. Military centers. 

1^. Isca — station for the 2nd Roman Legion. 

2^. Eboracum — station for the 6th Roman Legion. 

3^. Deva — station for the 20th Roman Legion. 
4^. Character of the inhabitants. 
5-. How Roman towns and cities are known. 

6. Roman building. 

i^. Materials used. 

2^. Character of buildings and walls. 

3^. Example — Hadrian's Wall. 

7. Rural Life. 

The villas, evidences of a high civilization. 

8. Roman Roads. 

i^. Purposes. 

2^. Construction. 

3^. Locate on outline-map the four cardinal roads entering London. 

9. Industries. 

i^. Mining and smelting of the metals. 
2^. Agriculture and stock-raising. 
3^. Manufacturing and commerce. 
10. Language and Religion. 

i^. Latin language prevalent. Celtic not found. 

2^. Roman deities worshipped. 

3^. Christianity introduced by individuals. 



ROMAN BRITAIN 

11. Causes of decay of Roman Britain. 

i^. Roman militarism. 
2^. Barbarian invasions. 

12. Withdrawal of the Roman troops. 

i^. Ambitious provincial governors a cause of weakness. 

I^. Clemens Maximus. 

2^. Constantine III. 
2^. Order from Honorius for local defense. 

13. Relapse into Barbarism. 

i^. Celtic savage simplicity prevented by the fact of a mixed race. 

2-. The gift of Roman militarism ; no government, no national feeling, no force or capacity 

for self-protection. A period of confusion with civilization dead, Christianity gone, and 

all physical properties in a state of decay. 

OBJECT: The object of most value to be sought in this lesson, aside from the knowledge of the 
facts concerning the Roman Provincial Government, is that the Roman civilization did not civilize. 

PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 




SHOW ON THIS MAP THE PRINCIPAL RIVERS, TOWNS, 
ROADS, AND HADRIAN'S WALL. 



SAXON ENGLAND 

(410 to 1066). 

ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney— Chapters 4, 5, and 6 to section 78. 

Andrews — From section 5 of chapter i through chapters 2, 3, and 4. 
Montgomery — Period 4. 
PRESENTATION : Saxon England is divided into the early, the later, and the Danish periods. 
The former extends from 410 to 830, the latter from 830 to 975, and the Danish from 975 to 1066. It 
tells the stcry of the settlement in Britain of the various Teutonic tribes from the continent and the sub- 
sequent struggles and adjustments until the Saxon people made themselves the acknowledged masters of 
England. 

C. SAXON ENGLAND: 

I. Early Saxon England, 410 to 830 A. D. 

1. The Settlements of the Teutonic Tribes. 

I-. Jutes. 

2-. Saxons. ■ : 

3-. Angles. 

4-. The legendary invitation to the sea rovers. 

2. The Early Kingdoms. (The Heptarchy). 

I-. Angles settled in : 

i^. Northumbria. 

i'. Bernicia. 

2'. Deira. 
2^. Mercia. 
3^. Iceni. 

r'. North Folk. 

2'. South Folk 
2^. The Saxons, settled in: 

i^. East Saxony — Essex. 
2''. jMiddle Saxony — Middlesex. 
3''. South Saxony — Sussex. 
4-'. West Saxony — Wessex. 
3^. The Jutes, settled in : 
i^. Kent. 
2". Isle of Wight. 

3. The New Race. 

I-. A composite character. 

2-. Dominated by Teutonic language, religion, government, and customs. 

4. The New Language. 

I-. Teutonic — Low German. 

2-. "English" began by writing Teutonic words in Latin. 

3-. Verbal Teutonic stories and personifications of nature constituted a ready-made 

literature. 

i^. Beowulf. 

2^. Ruined Burgh. 

5. Religion of the Anglo-Saxons. 

I-. Teutonic superstition. 

2-. Not so strong an influence as among the Britons. 

6. The Government of the Anglo-Saxons. 

I-. Chieftains of the migratory tribes became kings. 

2'-. Family organizations most important. 

3-. No equality of classes. 

4-. Custom was law. ; 

7. Barbarism. 

I-. The Anglo-Saxon feeling towards towns. 

2". The Anglo-Saxon feeling for commerce. 

3-. The four cardinal roads of the Anglo-Saxons. 

i^ Watling Street. 

2^. Ermine Street. 

3^. Icknield-way. 

4^. Fosse-way. 
4^. Existence of coined money. 



_ SAXON ENGLAND 

( 

8. Mission of St. Augustine (597). 

i^. The Story of Gregory at the Roman slave market. 

2^. Bertha, Ethelbert's Queen, a Christian. 

3^. The meeting of Ethelbert and St. Augustine. 

4-. Augustine the Archbishop of the English. 

5^. St. Martin at Canterbury, the first place of worship. 

9. The Conversion of Northumbria. 

i^. Progress of Christianity, in the South and Center, after death of Ethelbert. 
2^ Marriage of Edwin to a Kentish princess. 
3^ Work of Paulinus. 

10. The Scottish Missions. 

i^. The effect of the conquest of Northumbria by king of Mercia. 

2^. Lindisfarne established by Aidan. 

3^. Work of the missionaries of Lindisfarne. 

4^. Progress of the work. 

11. The Synod of Whitby (664). 

i^. Two forms of Christian service. 
2^. Different customs. 

i^. Calculation of Easter. 

2^. Forms of baptism. 

3^. The tonsure. 

4^. Organization. 
3^. The results of the conference. 

12. Organization of the Christian Church in England. 

i^. Same as on the continent. 

2". The model was the civil organization of the Roman Empire. 
3^. The work of Theodore of Tarsus, archbishop of Canterbury. 
4^. The Bishop's Synod of 673. 

13. Monasteries. 

I-. Of whom composed. 
2^. The monastic vows. 

i^. Chastity. 

2^. Poverty. 

3^. Obedience. 
3^. Purpose. 
4^. How supported. 
5^ Examples. 

i^. Fen district; Peterborough and Croyland. 

2^. To the west; Malmesbury, Sherborne. 

3^. To the north ; Lindisfarne, Whitby, Wearmouth and Jarrow. 

14. Revival of Civilization. 

I-. Priests of travel introduced higher ways of living. 

2^. Monks of the monasteries began better agriculture, manufacturing, and trading. 

15. Education and Literature. 

i^. Studies taught were reading and writing. 

2". Hadrian, companion to Theodore, established schools at Canterbury and at York 

where Greek was taught. 
3^ Literature. 

i^ That under the Anglo-Saxon spirit. 
2^. That under the influence of the church. 

i^ Cssdmon's, Paraphrases of Bible Stories. 

2*. Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation. 

16. Internal Strife of the Kingdoms. 

i^. Catises. 

i^. Territorial aggressions. 
2^ Rivalry for individual croMTis. 
2^ Kingdoms concerned. 

l'*. Northumbria (7th century). 
I*. Its territorial extent. 
2*. Its ruling in trade, learning, and literature. 



SAXON ENGLAND 

2\ Mercia (8th century). 

I* Extent under yEthelbald and Otla. 

2.\ Liability of the government. 
7? West Saxon overlordship. 

I* Resistance to Mercia and Northumbna. 

2*' Egbert at the court of Charles the Great 

3< Submission of Mercia, Northumbna, and Wales m 830. 

PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 



_ SAXON ENGLAND 

( 
II. Later Saxon England (830 to 975). 

1. The Incursion of the Danes. 

I-. Their original homes. 

2-. The real position of Egbert, same as the Britons 300 years prior. 

3^. Reasons for the incursions. 

4-., The "fyrd." — Implements of warfare. 

2. The Danish Army. 

I-. New method of invasion. 

2^. "The Army." The method of operation. 

3-. Monasteries destroyed; London, Canterbury, Rochester, Winchester, and York. 

3. Formation of the Danelaw. 

I-. Character of the third period of invasion. 
2r. Causes of the Danes making settlements. 
3^. Danish places ; how known. 

i^. Wedmore — 878. 

2^. Danelaw — 886. (Wedmore). 

4. Danes as Traders. 

i^. Physical characteristics of the people of the Danelaw. 

2^. Foreign trade introduced by the Danes. 

3". The five boroughs or trade centers ; Stamford, Leicester, Derby, Nottingham, and 

Lincoln. 
4-. Influence of Christianity. 

5. King Alfred. 

i^. Birth, heritage, and chief characteristics. 
2". Efifects of the conquest of The "Raven." 
3-. His reforms. 

i^ Military. 

2^. Law — The new body of laws. 
4^. The new literature. 

i'*. Alfred's statement of the literary conditions. 

2^. How he improved learning. 

3^*. Alfred's Translations — Why? 
I*. Gregory's Pastoral care. 
2*. Orosius's History of the World. 
5-. His character. 

i^. Modesty in literary work. 

2^. Simple-minded, devout and sincere. 
6-. Closer union of England due to the : — 

i^. Work and personality of Alfred, 

2^. The common body of laws, 

3'. The new literature, and 

4^. The united military operations. 

6. Winning back the Danelaw. 

i^. By whom? Alfred, Edward, ^thelflzed and -Sithelstan. 
2". By learning methods of the Danes. 
3". Relation of the Anglo-Saxon and the Danish tribes. 
4^ Titles. 

i^. "King of the West Saxons," by Alfred . 

2^. "King of the Anglo-Saxons," by Edward. 

3*. "Ruler of all Britain," by ^thelstan. 

7. Tenth Century civilization in England. 

i^. Rural life. 

i^. Foundations ; race, religion, language, government, customs, and divisions 
of the country. 

2^. How the people lived. 
2^. Town life. 

i^. Characteristics of town life. 

2^. Occupations and industries. 

3^^. Amusements. 



SAXON ENGLAND 

3". Poetry. 

i". Source of information. 
2-'. Character. 

I*. Religious — Bible Stories. 
2*. Military — Battle of Brunanburh (937). 
4-. Prose. 

i^. Alfred's works. 
2''. The Chronicle. 

3-''. The work of .'Elfric, IMonk of Winchester. 
4-'. Translation of the Bible into Anglo-Saxon. 
5^. Learning and the Church. 

i'. Due to reestablishing the monasteries. 
2''. Work and influence of the bishops — Dunstan. 
■1^. Character as a man. 
2*. Work at Glastonbury and elsewhere. 
6-. Political organization, 
i^ The king. 

i^. How selected. 
2*. By whom selected and crowned. 
2^. The Witenagemot. 

i\ Of whom composed. 
2*. The purpose. 
3*. Functions. 

1°. Elected the king. 
2''. Deposed the king. 
3". Confirmed grants of land. 
4''. Aided as a superior court of justice. 
4'*. Function of king and witan. 

i''. Enacted laws — civil and ecclesiastical. 
2^. Levied taxes. 
3"'. Declared war and made peace. 
4^ Appointed chief officers and bishops of the realm. 
3'. Divisions of the country. 

i^. The shires ; How governed. 

I."' The Ealdomian — functions. 
2°. Shire-reeve — functions. 
2^. Shire-mote — functions. 
2\ The hundreds and wapentakes, 
i''. How governed. 
2''. "Folk-right." 
4'. Justice : methods of determining guilt. 
I^ The oath. 
2^. Ordeal. 

i^. Fire 
2^. Water. 
3*. Punishment — "wergeld." 
5". Classes and Rank of the people. 

I''. Blood — the earls and the ceorls. 
2*. Official — .Etheling, Childe, ealdorman, and thegn. 
III. Danish England. (975 to 1066). 

I. Renewed invasion of the Danes. 

I-. The Scandinavian kingdoms, 
i'. Denmark. 
2^. Norway. 
3^. Sweden. 
2^ Method of procedure of the Scandinavians. 
3=. Cause of England's inability to resist the attack. 
I". Inactivity of the king. 

2''. Poor organization of the central governrrient. 
3^. The growing enslavement of the masses of the people. 



SAXON ENGLAND 

2. Danegeld. 

I-. The treaty of 991 with Olaf of Norway. 

2". Effectiveness. 

3-. Invasion of Swegen. 

1=^. FHght of Ethelred. 

2^. Cnut made king 1017. 

3. 'Reign of Cnut. 

I-. The five great earldoms. 

2^. His treatment of his subjects. 

3". His use of the Danegeld. 

4". His visits abroad. 

5-. The return of the Saxon kings. (Edward). 

4. Foreign Connections of England. 

I-. jMarital relations of England and France. 

2-. Increasing trade. 

3-. Influence of the church, 

5. Origin of Normandy. 

i^ Settlement of Rollo (912). 
2^ Blending of the people in : 

i^ Blood, 

2^. Language, 

3^. Religion, and 

4^ Customs. 
3-. Extension of boundaries to: 

i''. Brittany, 

2^. Flanders, and 

3^. Anjou. 

6. Normandy and England. 

I-. Norman aid to Danish invaders of England. 
2-. Ethelred's marriage to Emma of Normandy. 

7. Reign of Edward the Confessor. 

I-. His character. 

2^. Saxon influence of Earl Godwin. 

3^. Norman influence of relatives and friends. — The truce of God (1042). 

8. Duke William and Earl Harold. 

i^. William's early life and chances for the Dukedom. 
2". His controversies with : 

i^. The Norman Barons, 

2^. Count of Anjou, and 

3^. King of France. 
3-. His marriage. 
4-. His visit to England. 
5^. Growing importance of the Godwins. 
6^. Harold Godwin's visit to Rouen. 
7". Harold made king, January, 1066, by the witan. 
g. Invasion of William. 

I-. His representations to the pope and nobles. 
2-. The claim of Harold Hardrada of Norway. 
10. Battle of Hastings. 

i^. Support of Harold. 
2^. Incidents of the Battle. 
3-. Immediate results. 

OBJECT : The object of this lesson is to set forth clearly the fact that, in the wake of the Romans, 
various tribes of the Teutons came as marauders, then conquerors and settlers, and then organizers and 
builders of the foundations of English national life and character. 



PUPILS' NOTES AXD ILLUSTRATIONS 



SAXOX ENGLAND 




Show on this map the settlements of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. 
Color the Danelaw green, Wessex and the Independent Kingdoms orange, 
Wales pink, Strathclyde pink, and English Northumbria orange. Locate 
the Bishoprics of York and Canterbury by a heavy purple line drawn on 
the boundary. Locate such places of importance as are mentioned in the 
text. 



NORMAN ENGLAND 

(1066 to 1154) 

ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney— From section 78 of chapter 6 through chapter 7. 
Andrews — Chapter 5. 
Montgomery— Period 5. r, 1 r rj 

PRESENTATION : The Norman period of English History extends from 1066, the Battle of Hast- 
ings, toTi 54 the beginning of the Angevin period. It is the last contnbutmg element to the composite 
character of Enghsh society. 

D. NORMAN ENGLAND: 

I. The Conquest. 

I-. jNIarch to London. 
2". Crowned king. 
3-. Conquest of all England. 
■ 2. The Nonnan Aristocracy. 

1 2. Of whom it consisted. 
2^ How it was built up. 

3. Mihtary Services. 

I-. Basis for "feudalism." 
2^. Most prominent barons. 

4. Bishops and Abbots. 

I-. William's method of procedure. 

2-. Removal of Norman bishops from small towns. 

5. The Common People. 

1-. Mixture of Norman and Saxon. 
2-. Cause of Norman immigration. 
3-. Effects upon industries. 

6. The Norman French Language. 

I-. The language of the conquerors. 

2^ The contest with the English tongue. 

7. Reign of William L 

I- Put down all opposition in England. 

2^ Forced King Malcolm of Scotland to acknowledge him. 

32. Gained control of Wales. 

42. Retained his authority in Normandy. 

8. William and the Papacy. 

i=. William's obligation to the Pope. 
2-. The policy of Gregory VII ; the reasons. 
3=. William's policy and reasons. 
g. Preservation of old Customs. . 

i^ The great councils of Easter, Whitsunday, and Christmas. 
2-. Tne shire and the hundred courts. 
3=. Retained Danegeld. 

4^ Issued a code based on laws of earlier kings. 
10. New Customs. 

i^ The new forests and forest laws. 

2". The curfew. 

3-. The wager of battle. 

II. Domesday Book — its purpose and value. 

12. Position and Character of William. 

1 2. The threefold basis for his authority as king. 
2-. His manner and physique. 
3-. His wish or will. 

13. William II and his contest with the Barons. 

i^ Personal characteristics. 
2". Two contests. 

i^. Norman barons. 
I*. Cause. 
. 2*. Events. 

3*. Results. 



_ NORMAN ENGLAND 

(" 

i 2'. The church. 

I*. William's religious life. 

2*. Influence of Lanfranc. 

3*. William's misgovernment of the church. 

4*. Work of Anselm. 

14. Hatred of William II. 

i^. Cause. 

2^. Work of Ralph Flambard. 

3=. Death. 

15. Henry I. 

i^. His efforts to popularize his reign. 

i^. Grants a charter. 

2^. Marriage to a Saxon — Matilda. 

3^. Natural abilities. 
2^. Conflict with the church. 

i^. His attitude towards the church. 

2^. Nature of former contests. 

3^. Contest about investiture. 
I*. Circumstances. 
2^ The Settlement. 
3-. Contest with the barons. 

i^. Cause. 

2^. Results. 
4^. The central government. 

i^. How organized. 

2^. A means of maintaining order. 
5^. King's Ministers. 

From the lower baronage or churchmen. 

i^. The Justiciar — duties. 

2^. The Chancellor — duties. 

3^. The Treasurer — duties. 
6^. The Curia Regis. 

i^. Of whom composed. 

2^. Purpose. 
7^. Justice on the circuit. — Two reasons. 
8-. The Exchequer. 

i^. Of whom composed. 

2'. Date of meeting. 

3^. Purposes of meeting. 
9^. The Succession. 

I*. Drowning of Prince William; "The White Ship.' 

2^. Agreement ; barons to recognize Matilda. 

3^. Matilda's marriage to Geoffrey, count of Anjou. 

4^. Stephen's claim. 

I*. How he obtained the crown. 
2*. Rule of the barons. 

5^. Civil War — 1007. 

I*'. Matilda's invasion of England. 
2*. Character of warfare and period. 
3*. The "Treaty of Wallingford," 1153. 
10^. The Mediaeval Castle. 

i^. Basis for the power of the nobles. 

2^. A military asset. 

3^. By whom occupied. 

4^. By what authority built. 
11^. Feudal Land Tenure. 

i^. How land was held. 

2^. Tenants in chief, subtenants. 

3=*. Lord, vassal, aid, relief, forfeiture, escheat, etc. 
12^. Feudal Personal Relations. 

i''. Fidelity and obedience on part of vassal. 

2'. Protection due on part of lord. 



NORMAN ENGLAND 

13-. Feudal powers of government. 

i^. The right to have soldiers. 

2^. The authority to have courts to give decisions. 

3^. The authority to coin money, (conditional). 

4^. The right to collect aids which in reality were taxes. 
14^. Feudalism in the Saxon period. 

i^. Few traces in first half of the tenth century. 

2^. Later Saxon period — land owners. 

I*. Acquired the right to hold courts. 

2*. Acquired the right to grant lands to tenants. 

3^. Ninth century, commendation became customary. 
15^ Effects of the Conquests on English feudalism. 

1^. Made system more general. 

2^. Established by influence of Exchequer. 
16-. Peculiarities of feudalism in England. 

i^ Loyalty or allegiance to king takes precedence of all others. 

2^. Comparative orderliness. 
17-. Literature of the Norman period. 

i^. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 

2^ Writings of Lanfranc and Anselm. 

3^. William of ]\'Ialmesbury. 

4^. Monmouth's History of the Britons. 
18-. Architecture and Building. 

i^. Castles and churches, dominant buildings. 

2^. The "White Tower." 

3'. Westminster Hall. 

4^. Architecture; Roman style. 

5^ Examples ; Durham, Hereford, Ely, Winchester, Exeter, and Norwich. 

OBJECT: The object to be sought in the study of the Norman period is that the Normans, having 
come under the Roman influence, gave to England a greater stability in institutional life. 

PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 



PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 




NORMAN ENGLAND 

Show on this map England and the Territory of Normandy in pink. 
Locate William the Conqueror's main line of conquest by a black line. 
Locate all important places in both Normandy and England which are 
necessary to fully illustrate the chapter. 



^ ANGEVIN ENGLAND 

I 

ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney— Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 11. 
Andrews — Chapters 6, 7, 8, and 9. 
Montgomery — Periods 6 and 7. 

PRESENTATION: The period of English History represented by this title is from 11 54, the acces- 
sion of the Angevin kings, to 1485, the Battle of Bosworth Field. It deals with those movements or con- 
troversies which in their results are basic or fundamental in character. 

E. ANGEVIN ENGLAND : 

I. Foundation of National Unity. 

I. Accession and character of Henry II. 

I-. His claim — the treaty of Wallingford. 
2^. His independent position. 
3^. His personal character. 
4-. His dominions from his : 

i^ Mother — Normandy, Maine, and England. 
2-\ Father — Anjou and Touraine. 
3^. Wife — Poitou, Guienne, and Gascony. 
4^ Own efforts — Brittany, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. 
5-. Lack of Unity in England. 

i^. Different sources for the laws and customs. 
2\ Different sources of authority for the courts. 
3^. Different languages in use. 
4^. The practical independence of the church. 
6". Restoration of Order. 

i\ Governmental conditions at the death of Stephen. 
2^. The work of Henry II in reorganization. 
3^. The resistance. 

I*. Character and source. 
2''. Henry's method of meeting the situation. 
7^. The Judicial Assizes. 

I^. Foundations of England's legal system. 

I*. Old or former authority of curia regis. 

i^. Deciding cases in which the king (state) was a party. 
2^. Infiicting punishment for crime when committed in some feudal 
lord's territory with judicial power. 
2*. New authority of "curia regis." 

i^. The "Great Assize" — the right of freemen in land disputes to 

resort to the king's justices for a decision. 
2^. Burdens of privilege, 
i^. The expense. 

2". Forced to follow the court or await its arrival. 
8^. Origin of Trial by Jury. 

i^. Decisions of curia regis more valuable. Why? 
2=^. Old methods of determining justice. 
3^. Recognition or Inquisition. 
4^. Selection and duties of jurors. 
5^. The position of the judge. 

6\ The division of the jury into witnesses and jurors. 
y". The Lateran Council. — 121 5. 
9^. Origin of Indictment by Jury. 

i^. Two reasons for many crimes being committed. 
2'. The assize of Clarendon. 
I*. Its purpose. 
2*. Its provisions. 
3*. Its importance lies in: 

i^ Indictment by jury and, 

2^ Destruction of the independence of the feudal courts in crim- 
inal matters. 
^^. Custom of recognization in criminal cases. 



ANGEVIN ENGLAND 

10^ The Common Law and the common law courts. 

i^. The records of decisions. 

2^. The intellectual character of the king's judges. 

3^. Common law defined. 

4^. Effects of the enforcement of the common law principles. 

5^. The "Tourn and leet." 

6^. Importance of the Manor courts. 
11^. Assize of arms. 

i^. Its basis — Anglo-Saxon "fyrd." 

2^. Its provisions. 
12^. Feudal Taxation. 

i^. The value of the military service of a tenant in chief. 

2^. The king's policy regarding fees. 

3^. Scutage. 

4^. How feudalism in England disappears and the royal government becomes 
absolute. 
13^. The Churcli. 

i^. Ecclesiastical divisions of England. 

2^. The meaning of "the church." 

3^. The church organization. 
14^. The Church Courts. 

i'\ William I's law. 

2^. Duties of the archdeacon. 

3^. Cases included in church courts. 
15-. The Canon Law. 

i'. Defined. 

2^. Work of Gratian. 
1 6-. The Clergy. 

I". The secular branch — whom it included. 

2^. The regular branch — whom it included. 
I*. The Benedictines. 
2*. The Cistercians. 
3'. The Cluniacs, etc. 
17^ Appeals to Rome. 

i^. Cause for appeal to Rome. 

2^. Possible eft"ects on the loyalty of the government. 

3": Character of questions appealed. 
18^. Thomas a Becket. 

i^. His education. 

2^. As chancellor. 

3=^. As archbishop of Canterbury. 
19^ The Constitutions of Clarendon. 

i^. The charges of Henry against the church courts. 

2^. The purpose of the Council of 1164. 

3^. Incidents of the meeting. 

4^. Position of Thomas and his reason. 
20-. Exile of Thomas a Becket. 

i^. Cause. 

2^. Treatment by Henry. 

3^. Retaliation of Thomas. 
21^ Murder of Thomas. 

i'. Excommunication of bishops and soldiers. 

2^. Circumstances of the murder and its eft'ects. 

3^. Penance of the king. 
22^. Unpopularity of the king. 

i^. Causes. 

I*. Sternness. 

2*. Rigorous reforms. 

3*. Court fines. 

4*. Severe punishment. 

5*. Hard jury service. 

6*. Transformation of royal dues into money. 



ANGEVIN ENGLAND 

23^. New Revolt of the Baronage. 

i^. Order in England and on the continent compared. 
2^. Revolt of Prince Henry — 1173. 
3^. Renewal of certain relations. 
I*. New oath of fealty. 
2*. Strengthened power of justice. 
3*. Nobles assembled in frequent meetings. 
24^. Scotland and Wales. 

i^. Invasion of northern England by the King of Scotland. 
2'. The "Treaty of Falaise." 
3^. Efforts in Wales a failure. 
25-. Conquest of Ireland. 

i^. Excuse for the invasion. 
2^. "Lord of Ireland." 
26^. Close of the Reign. 

i^. Officially, at peace in England. 
2?. Personally, at war in France. 
27-. The Literary Revival under Henry II. 
i^. Legal writers. 

2^. "Dialogue concerning the Exchequer" by Richard, Bishop of London. 
3^. "Treatise concerning the Laws and Customs of England" by Glanville. 
4'. "Polycraticus" by John of Salisbury. 

5^. "Campaigns against Ireland and Wales" by Gerald de Barry. 
&. The Goliardic poems, by Walter Map. 
28^. Richard I and the First Crusade. 

i^. Purpose of the Holy Wars. 
2^. Richard's personal character. 
3'. Incidents of the voyage and the return trip. 
29^ Influence of the Crusades. 

i^. English institutions were permitted to mature. 

2^. England and English people were introduced to a higher civilization. 
3^*. England was aroused by the spirit of adventure. 
4^. England was brought more into the general life of Europe. 
5^. England shared in a more active commerce which was now established be- 
tween the east and the west. 
30^. King John. 

i^. Why he gained the throne. 
2^. His personal character. 
3^. His loss of the continental provinces. 
I*. The way it was accomplished. 
2*. The effect it had on the barons of each country. 
3''. Disputed election of the archbishop of Canterbury. 

i^. The rightful authority to elect church officials. 
2^. Contest over the selection of Stephen Langton. 
4". The Interdict. 

i^. The force of such a decree. 
2°. John's attitude and demeanor towards it. 
3°. The Pope's threat of excommunication. 
5^. Victory for the Pope. 

i". Cause for the surrender. 
2?. Terms of the peace. 
3^. The effects of the peace. 
6*. Revolt against the king. 

i^. Character of Government under Henry II and Stephen. 
2^. Character of John's oppression. 
3^. The attitude of the Council of St. Albans, 1213. 
4^. The demand of the Council at St. Pauls. 
5^. The demands of Stephen Langton. 
6"'. The barons enter London. 
7*. The Great Charter. 

i^. The basis of the charter. 



ANGEVIN ENGLAND 

Claims to importance. 

i". The way in which it was obtained. 

2.^. Saved certain feudal ideas of government from being 

displaced by absolute monarchy. 
3". Because of what it contained. 
4". For the services it rendered in later times. 



PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 



PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 




ANGEVIN DOMINIONS 

Show on this map the territory controlled by Henry II as follows : That 
received from his Mother color pink, that from his Father, color orange, 
that from his Wife, color green ; that from his own efforts, color purple. 
Encircle all English-controlled territory with a heavy pink line. Locate 
such places as will fully illustrate the subject. 



_ ANGEVIN ENGLAND 

I 
II. The Formation of a United English Nation (1216-1337). 

1. Accession of Henry III. 

I-. The breaking up of the union of the barons. 
2^. His personahty. Personality of former kings. 

2. Architecture. 

1". The change from the Norman style to the first truly national style of English 

building. 
2". Comparative strength, ornamentation, etc. 
3-. Examples — Salisbury, Westminster. 
4^. French influence. 

3. The Universities. 

i^. Places and character of the education of the early middle ages. 
2^. Influence of Christianity. 
3-. Curriculum of the schools. 

i^. The Trivium. 

2^. The Quadrivium. 
4^. Origin of the term "university." 
5-. Separation into colleges. 
6-. The character of the student body. 
7-. The power claiming authority over them. 

4. Learned Men. 

i^. Thirteenth century compared to other centuries. 
2-. Roger Bacon — his position and influence. 
3-. Robert Grosseteste. 

5. Law Writers. 

Henry de Bracton — His work. 

6. Historians. 

i^. Of former centuries merely chroniclers. 

2^. Of the thirteenth century — classifiers of events based upon cause and effect. 

3^. Roger of Wendover at St. Albans — "Flowers of Histories." 

4". Matthew Paris — his work. 

7. The Scriptorium of a. Monastery. 

8. The Friars. 

I-. The older orders. 

2^. The new orders — reasons for their formation. 

i^'. Their spirit and location. 

2^. Character of work done. 

9. The Towns. 

i^. Attitude of earlier peoples toward town life. 
2-. Conditions conducive to town life. 
3^. Locations of towns. 
4^. The Charters. 

i^. What they granted. 

2^. How obtained. 

10. The Guild Merchant. 

i^ Purpose. 

2-. As a social asset. 

11. The Craft Guilds. 

i^. Purpose. 

2^. As a social asset. 

12. Fairs. 

I-. Purpose. 

2-. Their public worth. 

13. Country villages — inhabitants. 

i^. The Serf. 

i^. The cotter, his position and duties. 

2^ The villein, his position and duties. 
2". The Freeman. 

i^. His duties. 

2^. His privileges. 



ANGEVIN ENGLAND 

14. Written records. 

I-. Of different branches of the royal courts. 
2^. Of tlie bishoprics. 
3-. Of the manor courts. 
4-. Of the towns and guilds. 
5-. Their value as a world asset. 

15. Reign of Henry III. 

I-. Cause of unpopularity. 

I''. Foreign favorites. 

2". His subserviency to the Pope. 
2-. Attitude of the barons. ■ 

16. King's Foreign Favorites. 

I-. Peter, bishop of Winchester. 

2^. Boniface, archbishop of Canterbury. 

3^. Superior efficiency of the French immigrants. 

4^. Causes for English criticism. 

17. Henry's Relations with the Pope. 

I-. Innocent III and his contests. 

2-. P^osition of the Pope regarding taxation. 

3-. English view of the papal demands for money. 

18. Papal representatives in England. 

I-. Purpose. 

2-. Cardinal Otho. 

19. Italian holders of English Church positions. 

1". Agree to admit 300 Italians. 

2". Permitted appeals to the papal court. 

3^. Continued the payment of King John's agreement. 

4-. Permitted the papal crusade against the Iving of Sicil}'. 

20. Growth of the Power of the Great Council. 

I-. Origin of the term "parliament." 

2^ Compare the attitude of the members of the Great Council to that 
of the barons who forced the Great Charter. 

21. Simon de Montfort and the Provisions of Oxford. 

I-. His attitude towards things English. 

2-. Demands of the parliament of 1258. 

3-. Provisions of Oxford annulled by Louis IX of France. 

4-. Battles of 

i''. Lewes, its results and consequences. 

2\ Evesham, its results and consequences. 

22. Accession of Edward I. 

I-. His crusade and subsequent homage to the King of France. 
2^. How England was regarded by : 

i^ Henry II. 

2'. Richard I. 

3^ Henry III. 

4^ Edward I, the first truly national king. 

23. Parliament. 

I-. Its character under Henry III. 

2-. Edward's policy, "That which aft'ects all should be approved by all." 
i'. A former meaning of the motto. 
2^. The changed meaning of the motto. 
3-. The introduction of the middle classes. 

i^. Dift'erent forms of wealth, objects of taxation. 
2=. County courts and town governments a means of bringing the 
classes into parliament. 
4^. Representation among the: 
i^. Saxons. 
.2^. Nomians. 
3^. Early Angevins. 

I*. Assize of Clarendon. 

2*. The parliament of 1265 — by Simon de ]Montfort. 

3*. The policy of Edward'l. 



ANGEVIN ENGLAND 

\ 4*. The parliament of 1295. 

V i^. The plan. 

2^. The members. 
5^. The division into houses, 
i^. The causes. 

2^. The House of Lords, its number and interest. 
3^. The House of Commons, its members and interests. 

24. Statutes. 

i^. Written laws regularly drawn up and agreed to by the chief 

executive and the legislative body of a country. 
2". The European lawgivers of the thirteenth century. 

i'*. Louis IX of France (q.v.). 

2^. Frederick II of Sicily (q.v.). 

3^. Alfonso the Wise of Spain (q.v.). 

4^. Edward I of England. 

25. Confirmation of the Charters. 

I-. Reasons for demanding a reconfirmation. 
2^. Results obtained by the reconfirmation. 

26. The Jews. 

i^. The Christian framework governing the life of Englishmen. 

2^. The relation of the Jews to this program. 

3^. Causes of unpopularity. 

4^. Reasons for royal protection. 

5^. Attempts at conversion. 

&. Expulsion — Royal aid. 

27. Conquest of Wales. 

I-. Welsh relation to England. 
2". Revolt of Llewellyn. 
3^. The "Statute of Wales." 
4^. The "Prince of Wales." 

28. The Scottish Succession. 

I^ Divisions of the people. 

I^. Highlanders — Celtic. 

2^. Lowlanders — Teutonic. 
2^ The Award of Norham. 

i^. Death of the Scottish princess. 

2^. The claims of the nobles and their relation to England. 

3^. Edward's award and the conditions imposed. 

29. Conquest of Scotland. 

1-. Scottish view of their relation to Edward I. 
2". Edward's view of his relation to Scotland. 
3^. Battle of Dunbar, banishment of Baliol. 

30. Scotch Wars of Liberation. 

i^. Revolt and execution of William Wallace. 

2-. Revolt of Robert Bruce, — Battle of Bannockburn. 

i^. Results on Scotland. 

2^. Results on England. 

31. Edward II. 

i^. His personal character. 
2^. The "Lords Ordainers." 
3^. Deposed by act of Parliament. 
III. The First Half of the Hundred Years' War (1338-1399). 

1. Possessions of the English Kings in France. 

i^. Where located. 

2^. How held. 

3^. Effects upon France. 

2. New causes of conflict. 

i^. Military aid in the Scotch wars against England. 

2". Disputes between the channel fishermen. 

3^. The wool trade with Flanders. 

4^. Edward's claim to the throne of France. 



ANGEVIN ENGLAND 

3. Outbreak of the Hundred Years' War. 

i^. From 1328-1337 petty disputes. 

2^. England's efforts to popularize the war policy. 

3-. Edward's marauding expedition into France and Flanders. 

4-. French retaliation. 

4. Battles of : 

I-. Sluys — location, circumstances and results. 

2.-. Crecy — location, circumstances and results. 1346. 

5. The English Long-bow. 

I-. Its origin and general use. 
2". Contrasted with the crossbow. 

3^ Its names, "The cloth-yard shaft," "The Crooked stick" and 
"The gray goose wing." 

6. The Organization of the English Army. 

i^. Value of organization compared with the weapons. 
2^. The pay of the soldiery. 

7. Capture of Calais. 

i^. Irriportance of position. 

2". Edward's feeling towards Calais — reasons. 

3-. Terms of surrender. 

8. The Black Prince. 

I-. Why so called. 

2-. His work in the French wars. 

3^. His general character. 

4^. The ideal knight. 

9. Knighthood. 

i^. Its meaning. 

2^. Chivalry — its meaning. 

3^. Method of becoming a knight. 

i^. Origin of Chivalry. 

5". Rules of Chivalry. 

10. Battle of Poitiers. 

i^. Circumstances. 
2-. Results. 

11. Peace of Bretigny, 1360. Terms. 

12. Statutes of Provisors and Prjemunire. 

i^. Papal encroachments on English rights. 

2^. Provisions of the "Statute of Provisors" and "Statute of Praemunire." 

13. Black Death— 1348 to 1350. 

i^. Causes. 
2-. Effects. 

i^. On the population. 

2^. On the clergy — church. 

3^. In the universities — education. 

4*. Among the laboring classes. 
The statute of laborers. 

5^. Improvement of the Villeins. 

14. Renewal of the War. Causes. 

15. Parliamentary agitation. 

i^ Condition of the King. Edward III. 

2^. Rule of John of Gaunt. 

32. The Good Parliament. What it accomplished and why. 

16. The Poll Taxes. 

i^. Causes of discontent between the classes. 

2^. Reasons for a direct tax. 

3^ Peasants' insurrection of, 1381. 

i^. Circumstances. 

2*. Results. 

3^. Cause of failure. 



ANGEVIN ENGLAND 

/ 

17. Wycliffe. 

I-. His complaint against the clergy. 

2^. His teachings, how and why regarded. 

3-. The three points of opposition to the churchmen. 

4^. His followers — the Lollards. 

i^. They revised the spread of the gospel. 

2^. They gave the Bible in English to the people. 

3^. Their persecutions. 

I*. Wycliffe silenced from teaching at Oxford, 1382. 
2*. Many teachers forced to recant. 
3*. Statute against heretics, 1401. 
i^. Its provisions. 

2^. Punishment of an attempted revolt. 
5^. Effect on the English Language. 

i^. Preaching and teaching in English. 
2^. The law of 1362 — on court pleadings. 
3^. The Chancellor's address, 1363. 

18. Piers Plowman. 

I-. Author. 

2". Character. 

3-. Particular interests. 

19. Chaucer. 

I-. Birth and station. 

2-. Class of society addressed. 

3-. Plan of Canterbury Tales. 

20. Personal character of Richard H. 

i^. Rule during his minority. 

2-. First seven years of his personal rule. 

3^. His visit to France and its effect. 

4-. His banishment of Henry of Lancaster. 

5-. His Campaign into Ireland. 

6". The return of Henry and his abdication. : 

IV. Houses of Lancaster and York. 1399-1485. 

1. Reign of Henry IV. 

I-. Growth of parliament since Edward I. 
2-. The four classes of powers. 
;' i^ No taxation without consent of parliament. 

2^. No new laws without agreement with parliament. 

3^. The parliamentary power to impeach "king's" ministers. 

4^. Could impose its advice upon the king in all measures of importance. 
3^. Certain privileges. 

i^. Freedom from arrest. 

2^. Freedom of debate. 
4^ Rebellion of Owen Glendower. 

I". The Lords Marchers. 

2^. Character of the rebellion. 

3^. Revolt of Henry and Thomas Percy and "Hotspur." 

4*. Battle of Shrewsbury, 1403. 

2. Renewal of the French Wars. 

i^. Causes and conditions making favorable the enterprise. 
2^. Battle of Agincourt, 141 5. 
3^. The treaty of Troyes, 1420. 
4^. Joan of Arc. 

i^. Siege of Orleans. 

2^. Coronation of the Dauphin at Rheims. 

3^. Burned in the market square of Rouen. 



ANGEVIN ENGLAND 



3. Wars of the Roses. 

I-. Causes. 

2-. The House of York. 

3^ The battle of Wakefield, 1460. 

4-. The work and influence of Richard Neville, "King maker." 

5^ Richard III. 

i^. How he obtained the throne. 

2'. Battle of Bosworth Field, 1485. 

4. Towns in England of the Fifteenth Century. 

I-. Character of the War of the Roses. 

2". Development of industries. 

3^. Charter and representative government. 

4-. Educational movements. 

5^. Benevolences invented. 

5. Foreigners in England. 

What they did for English commerce and banking. 

OBJECT: The object of this lesson is to present England as a nation, separate and apart from the 
continent — possessing an individuality of her own. From 1485 England is a world power with which 
Europe proper has to reckon. 



PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 




THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR 

Locate on this map such places as will fully illustrate the Hundred 
Years' War, including the Wars of the Roses. . 

Show England and English territory at the close of the War (1485) la 
pink and France in green. 



TUDOR ENGLAND 

(1485 to 1603) 

ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney— Chapters 12 and 13. 

Andrews — Chapter 10. 

Montgomery — Period 8. 
PRESENTATION: Because of the strong personality of the sovereigns and the marked tendency 
to absolutism of the crown this period will be treated under the names of the reigning sovereigns. 

F. TUDOR ENGLAND: 
I. Henry VII. 

1. His claim to the throne. 

2. The suppression of the rebellions of: 

i^. Lambert Simnel and, 
2^. Perkin Warbeck. 

3. His matrimonial alliances with : 

i^. Scotland — Margaret to James IV. 

2^. France — Mary to Francis I. 

3-. Spain — Henry to Catherine of Aragon. 

4. His general character. 

5. Work of his minister — Cardinal ]\Iorton. 

6. Preservation of Order. 

I-. Method of dealing with possible rivals. 
2^. Method of dealing with the nobility. 
3-. The court of the Star Chamber. 

1'. Purpose. 

2^. Of whom composed. 

3". Authority. 

4'. Origin of name. 

7. The Strong Monarchy. 

I-. By husbanding all sources of income. 

2-. By close observance of all expenditures. 

3°. By adopting various irregular expedients for raising money. 

8. Decrease of the Power of Parliament. 

i^. Financial independence of the king. 

2^. Speaker of the House of Commons usually the king's official. 

3^. Laws of the commons favored by the king. 

9. Merchant Adventurers. 

1". Trade provisions in all foreign treaties. 

2^. New charter and seal to the Flemish merchants. 

3=. The effects of the Turkish conquest of Constantinople, 1453, on trade conditions. 

10. The New World — • 

John Cabot's voyage to America, 1496. Results. 

11. The Renaissance. 

i". Meaning of the term. 

2^. Extent of interest in England. 

3-. The coming of Erasmus. 

12. Humanism in England. 

i^ Work of Grocyn, Linacre, and Colet. 

2-. Meaning of the term. 

3^. New learning in England. 

4^. Thomas More's Utopia. 

i'. Purpose. 

2^. Hope of the author. 
5^. Some advances made. 

13. Introduction of printing into England. 

i^. Invention. 

2~. Work of William Caxton. 
II. Henry VIII. 

I. His Accession — 1509. 

I-. Financial conditions of the country. 
2-. His own fitness for the position. 
3.- His marriage. 



TUDOR ENGLAND 

Cardinal Wolsey. 

i^. His birth and education. 
2^. His position under Henry VII. 
3". His position under Henry VIII. 
Foreign Wars. 

i^. King Charles's visit to England. 
2\ "Field of the Cloth of Gold." 
3". Results in England. 

i'*. Slight gain in territory around Calais. 
The Amicable Loan. 

i^. Meaning of the term. 
2-. Effects of the efforts. 
The Divorce Question. 
I-. Causes. 
2-. Fall of Wolsey. 

i^. How it came about. 

2^. The method used by Henry VIII. 
3^. Submission of the Clergy. 

i^. Appeal to the universities. 

2^. Henry's threats. 

3^. Henry's suits against the clergy. 

4^. Henry's praemunire proceedings. 
4". Subserviency of the parliament. 

i^. House of Lords — a creature of Henry VII's patronage. 

2^. House of Commons — of the favored middle classes. 

3^. Parliamentary interest more in commerce than religion. 
The Foundations of the Refonnation. 

I-. Civil government was rising above church power. 
2-. The strong feeling of national pride and independence. 
3^. Methods of agriculture and manufacturing were changing. 
Reformation Statutes. 

i^ First Act of Annates — 1532. 
2". Second Act of Annates — 1534. 
3-. Act of Appeals — 1533. 

A^. Fixing nomination of bishops and forbidding communication with the Pope — 1534. 
5-. Act of Supremacy — 1535. 

&. Minor acts transferring authority from the Pope to the English King or English 
church officials. 
Decay of the Monasteries — Causes, 
i^. Financial conditions poor. 
2-. Lands mortgaged. 
3-. Buildings in bad repair. 
4^. Inmates not so high in character. 
5^. The decay in the old belief in seclusion. 
&. The efforts of Wolsey and others at reform. 
Cromwell and the Dissolution of the Monasteries. 
i'^. Character of Cromwell. 
2^. The Monastery commission. 

i^. Its purpose. 

2^. Its report. 

3^. The parliamentary results — 1536. 
3^. Method of dissolving the larger monasteries. 
4^. Effects upon the membership of the House of Lords. 
Destruction of Relics and Shrines. 

i^. Definition of relics and shrines. 
2^. Causes for loss of veneration. 
Execution of More and Fisher. 

i^ Definition of treason under Act of Supremacy. 

2". Effect of executions throughout Europe. 

3^ Papal retaliation on Henry VIII — Its effect. 



TUDOR ENGLAND 

12. The Pilgrimage of Grace. 

I-. Causes of these revolts. 

2^. Demands made by the rebels. 

3". King's dealing with the rebels. 

13. Ireland. 

I-. How England ruled Ireland since Henry II. 
2". Provisions of "Poyning's Law"- — 1494. 
3^ The rule of Lord Leonard Grey — 1526. 

14. Stages of the Reformation. 

I-. The submission of the clergy to the state. 

2^. The separation of the English branch of the church from the Papacy. 

3^ The abolition of the Monasteries. 

4-. The use of the Bible and of church services in English. 

5^ The simplification of church ceremonies. 

6-. The adoption of Protestant doctrines. 

15. Growth of Protestant belief. 

i^. Causes : 

1^. A general atmosphere of change. 

2^. New teaching introduced from the continent. 

3^. The effects of the '"new learning." 
2^. Work of Tyndale. 
3-. Representative men of this period. 

i^. Cromwell. 

2^. Archbishop Cranmer. 

3^. Bishop Latimer. 
4^. Three divisions of men on religious matters. 

i^. Those who disapproved of the recent changes. 

2^. Those who approved of the changes but did not wish them carried further. 

3^. Those who would have carried the Reformation to further lengths. 

16. The Scriptures in English. 

I-. Reasons for the objections to Tyndale's Bible. 

2'. The Bible of Tyndale and Coverdale — 1537. 

3=. The Great Bible of 1539. 

4-. Archbishop Cranmer's new litany — 1544. 

5-. Treatment meted out to those who held the new teachings. 

17. King's Marriages. 

I'. To Catherine of Aragon — set aside. 

2". To Anne Boleyn — beheaded. 

3-. To Jane Seymour — died. 

4-. To Anne of Cleves — divorced by mutual consent. 

5-. To Catherine Howard — beheaded. 

6~. To Catherine Parr. 

18. Close of the Reign. 

I-. His physical condition. 

2^. His executions. 

3^. His laws and their administration. 

4^. His will, and the authority for same. 



PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 

\ 




TOWNS AND COUNTIES 

Locate on this map such places as will fully illustrate the reigns of 
Henry VII and Henry VIII. 



TUDOR ENGLAND 

III. Edward VI. 

1. The Protectorate. 

I-. Duke of Somerset. 

2-. Duke of Northumberland. 

2. The Advance of Protestantism. 

I-. Opposition bishops removed. 

2\ Entirely new English prayer book adopted. 

3^. Crucifixes and images removed. 

4^. Stained-glass windows containing figures destroyed. 

5^. Emblematic wall pictures destroyed. 

6". Use of holy water abandoned. 

7". Clergy abandoned the use of colored robes. 

8^. Fasting dispensed with. 

9^. Marriage among the clergy was allowed. 

IO-. Penance and pilgrimages were prohibited. 

3. Completion of the Reformation. 

I-. Contents of second prayer book adopted — 1548. 
2-. Forty-two articles of faith adopted — 1553. 
3^. Forty-two articles reduced to the thirty-nine. 
4-. Act of Uniformity — 1552. 

4. Dissolution of Chantries. 

I-. What a chantry was. 
2". The burdensomeness of the system. 
3". The changed views on this class of property. 
4^. Provisions of the law enacted under Henry III and reenacted 
rmder Edward VI touching this class of property. 
'5. Schools. 

I-. Chantry funds transferred to educational purposes. 
2^. Private endowment for new schools. 

6. Inclosures. 

i^. The two classes of farmers — the villein and the lord. 
2^. The coming of the stock farmer. 
3^ Results. 

i^. Eviction of the small farmer. 

2^. The loss of employment by the farm laborer. 

3^. Villages and churches destroyed. 

4^. Legislation to correct evils complained of. 

5^. Somerset's commission. 

I*. Its attempts at prosecution. 
2*. Peasants revolt — 1549. 

&. Fall of Somerset. 

7^- The change from stock-raising to grain-raising. 

7. Debasement of the coinage. 

i^. Irregularity in prices of commodities. 

i^. Industrial changes. 

2^. Impurity of the money. 
2-. Changes made by Henry VIII and Edward VI. 

8. Close of the Reign of Edward VI. 

IV. Mary. 

1. A general hope enjoyed by the people at the change. 

2. The attempt of Northumberland to put Lady Jane Grey on the throne. 

3. Revolt of Sir Thomas Wyatt. 

I-. Cause. 
2^. Events. 
3^. Results. 

4. Catholic Reaction. 

i^. The flight of Protestant reformers. 
2^. The release and restoration of Catholic bishops. 
3^. Act of legislation abrogating all laws on religion passed during 
the reign of Edward VI. 



TUDOR ENGLAND 

5. The Spanish Marriage. 

I-. Reasons for its consummation. 
2-. Reasons for its unpopularity. 
3^. Results. 

i^. England drawn into a Franco-Spanish war. 

2?. Loss of Calais. 

6. Restoration of Papal Control. 

I". Conditions making restoration easy. 
2". The mission of Cardinal Pole. 

7. Religious persecution. 

I'. Imprisonment of the four bishops. 

2^. Reenactment of old laws against the Lollards. 

i^ Burning of Cranmer. 

2^. Persecutions confined to bishoprics under the influence of the Queen. 

8. Mary's Declining Health and Happiness. 

i^. Discovery of the king's dislike for her — its effect. 
2^. Discovery of the people's hatred of her — its efl^ect. 
3^ Her death. 
,V. Elizabeth — 1558-1603. 

1. The New Queen. 

i^. Her education. 

2^. Her native inheritances. 

i^. Commendable and advantageous. 

2^. Dangerous and vicious. 

2. The Religious Settlement. 

i^. Suspense of the church and state dignitaries. 
2^. Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. 

i^. Reasons for these laws. 

2^. Provisions of these laws. 
3^. The plan. 

i^ Form that of Henry VUL 

2^. Doctrine that of Edward VI. 

3. The Middle Position of the English church. 

i^. Why it was not Catholic. 

2^. Why it was not Protestant. 

3^. What the churchmen really claimed. 

4. Catholics and the Puritans. 

i^ Catholic position regarding the established church. 
2-. The Puritan position regarding the established church. 
3^. The appointment of new bishops. 
4^. The appointment of new parish priests where necessary. 

5. The Political Settlement. 

i^. England's foreign policy and reasons for same. 

i^. Unprepared. 

2.^. Spanish control of the Netherlands. 

3^*. France and Scotland were allies. 
2^. Spanish reasons for meddling in English affairs. 
3^. French reasons for meddling in English affairs. 

6. The Social Settlement. 

i^. Restoration of the coinage — 1560. 
2-. Statutes of Apprentices. 

i^. The provisions. 

2^. Results. 
3^. Pauperism. 

i^. Effects of the 15th and i6th century changes. 

2^. Effectiveness of statutory regulations. 

3^ Provisions of the law of 1563 to ameliorate pauperism, 

7. Elizabeth's court. 

i^. Festivities. 
2-. Negotiations. 
t. Plots. 



TUDOR ENGLAND 

/' 
8. Mary'Stuart — Queen of Scotland. 

i^. Her relation to Elizabeth and claim to the English throne. 

2^. Her education and general character. 

3^. Her marriage and life at the French court. 
g. The Reformation in Scotland. 

I-. A popular movement. 

2-. Mary's position. 

10. Mary and Elizabeth. 

1°. Elizabeth's aid to the Scotch Protestants. 

2^. Mary's demand to be named Elizabeth's successor. 

3^. Mary's marriage to Lord Darnley. 

i^. The reason. 

2^. The result — revolt of Protestant nobles. 

11. Murder of Darnley. 

I-. Circumstances of the assassination of Rizzio. 

2-. Birth of a prince. 

3". Love for the Earl of Bothwell. 

4^. The blowing up of "Kirk-a-Field." 

5^. The kidnapping of Mary by Bothwell. 

12. Expulsion of Mary from Scotland. 

i^. Imprisonment of Mary in Loch Leven. 

2^. Her abdication in favor of her son — James VI. 

3^. Her escape to the court of Elizabeth. 

13. Elizabeth's Marriage Plans. 

I-. Her choice — Sir Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. 
2-. What the choice of a husband meant. 
3-. What prevented her from marrying. 

14. Increase in Puritanism. 

I". Causes for this increase. 

2^. Masses of the people interested. 

3^. The Queen's opposition. 

i^ Thomas Cartwright removed from Cambridge. 

2^. Imprisonment of members of new congregations. 

3^. Clergymen deprived of their benefices. 

15. The Counter Reformation. 

I". Moral reform in the old church. 

2^. Clearer statement of its doctrines. 

3^. More active efforts to stem the tide of Protestant influence. 

16. The Jesuits — 1540. 

i^. The founder. 

2-. The new oath — obedience. 

3-. The military aspect of the system. 

4^ Their special tasks. 

i^. Of Education. 

2^. Conversion of : 

1. The heathen, 

2. The reconversion of Protestants. 
5-. The college at Douai, Belgium. 

17. Political Danger from the Catholics. 

i^ The rebellion of 1569. 

2^. The excommunication of Elizabeth 1570. 

3-. The discovery of the "Ridolfi Plot." 

18. England and the Continent. 

i^. England contributed to the support of the revolt of the Netherlands. 

2^. England gave encouragement to the Huguenots of France. 

3^. England continued marriage negotiations with France and Spain. 

4^. England dismisses the Spanish ambassador — 1584. 

19. Parties which favored Elizabeth. 

i^. Those having grown up under the Protestant religion. 

2". Those having respect for the government which was able to preserve peace. 



TUDOR ENGLAND 

20. Industrial Growth. 

I". Work of the Merchant adventurers in extending trade. 
2^. Results of the reformation of the continent. 

i^. Flemish, Dutch, and Walloon craftsmen came to England. 

2^. Huguenot silk weavers and manufacturers came to England. 

21. Commercial Growth. 

I-. Efforts of Willoughby and Chancellor. 
2^. Formation of the Levant Company. 
3". Formation of an Eastland Company. 
4". Formation of a Barbary Company. 
5". Formation of a Guinea Company. 
6^. Formation of the East India Company. 
32. Attempted Settlement in America. 

i^ By Sir Humphrey Gilbert — 1583. 
2=. By Sir Walter Raleigh. 

i'. Sir Richard Grenville. 
2^ Sir John White. 

23. The Search for the Northwest Passage. 

i^. Cause — Spanish occupancy of the south. 
2-. By Martin Frobisher — 1576. 
3^ By John Davis — 1585. 
4^. By Henry Hudson. 
52. By William Baffin. 

24. Hawkins's Voyages. 

i^. The slave trade in Spanish America. 
2". Conflicts in the West Indies. 

25. Francis Drake. 

I-. Character and boldness of his expedition. 

2^. Discovery of the Pacific Ocean. 

3-. Attitude of England regarding this piracy. 

4-. Voyage around the world. The booty and its division. 

26. Channel Freebooters. 

I-. Cause. 

2^. Character and extent of operations. 

27. English on the Sea. 

I-. Their attitude towards things at home. 
2". The Queen's attitude towards the seamen. 

28. Babington's Plot. 

I-. The circumstances. 
2^. The results. 

29. War with Spain. 

i^. The causes. 

i^. English aid in the Netherlands. 

2^. Intrusion of English merchants into the Spanish colonies of the West 
Indies. 

3*. Drake's attack on Spanish settlement and treasure ships. 

4^. Restoration of Catholicism. 

5^. Avenge the death of Mary. 
2^ The attack of Drake on Cadiz. 
3^. The Spanish Armada — 1588. 

i^. Incidents. 

2^. English commanders. 

30. The Successful period of Elizabeth's Reign. Reasons. 

31. The Elizabethan Poor Law. 

i^. Conditions regarding the poor. 
2^. Provisions of the Poor Law. 

32. Increasing Wealth of England. 

i^. Four elements contributing to greater wealth. 
2^. How it was exhibited among the poorer classes. 
3^. How it was exhibited among the wealthier classes. 



TUDOR ENGLAND 



33- 



34- 



35- 



36. 

37- 



38. 



Dress and Eating. 

i^. The prevailing customs and styles. 
2^. The Puritan criticism. 
3^. The effects upon the humbler classes. 
Building. 

1-. Character of changes — the causes. 
2-. Ornamentation. 
Royal Progresses. 

I-. What they were. 
2". The purpose. 
3-. The effects upon the people. 
Love for shows. 
Elizabethan Literature. 

I-. Effect of the new learning of Henry VIII's time. 
2-. Character of the literature. 
3^. Italian influence. 
4-. Writers. 

i^. Sir Philip Sidney — His position and rank. 
2^. Edmund Spenser. 

I*. His position and rank. 
2*. His works. 
3^. Hooker — Philosophical. — "Ecclesiastical Polity." 
4^. Camden — Historian. 
5^. Francis Bacon — Essays. 
6^ Sir Walter Raleigh — Historian. 
7^. Shakespeare — Dramatist. 
Close of the Reign. 

I-. Effects of the difference in age of herself and her courtiers. 
2^. Disgrace of Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, in Ireland. 



OBJECT: The one object to be sought in the study of the Tudor period is the establishing of the 
idea of absolutism — single, individual authority — such elements of a democratic nature that crept into the 
foundations of English national unity during this period are made to appear valueless through the benevo- 
lent spirit of the sovereigns in giving the classes such protection as they demanded without their im- 
mediate participation. 



PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 



PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 




':^ 



STUART ENGLAND 

(1603 to 1714) 

ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney — Chapters 14, 15, 16, and 17 to section 487. 
Andrews — Chapters 11 and 12 to section 302. 
Montgomery — Period g. 
PRESENTATION : This lesson recounts those attempts in England to maintain a government 
founded on the " divine right " theory. 

The subject will best be understood by means of the following outline. 
G. STUART ENGLAND: 

I. Personal Monarchy. 
I. James I. 

i^. How he came to the throne. 
2^. His character. 

i^. Education. 
2^. Ideas of kingship. 
3^ The established church— Anglican or Puritan. 
4^. Puritanism. 

i^. What they demanded. 
2^. Causes of adherence. 
5^. Royalists' idea of government. 

i^. King's idea of the authority of Parliament. 
2^. How Elizabeth controlled Parliament. 
6^. Resistance of parliament. 

I*. Parliamentary authority of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. 
7^. The Hampton Court Conference, 
i^. The purpose. 
2^. The results. 

I''. The new canons — 1604. 
2*. The new Version of the Scriptures. 
8^ The Gunpowder plot, 
i^. Cause. 
2'. Incidents. 
9^ Proposed Union of Scotland and England. 

The "post nati." 
10". Foreign Affairs. 

i'. Spanish War closed by treaty. 

2^. Popular feeling regarding the thirty years' war in Germany. 
3^. Spanish marriage negotiations. 
4^. French marriage negotiations. 
11^. Foreign Favorites. 

i''. Robert Carr — Duke of Somerset. 
2^. George Villiers — Duke of Buckingham. 
12^. Sir Francis (Lord) Bacon. 

i^. His position at the court of Elizabeth. 
2^. Method by which he rose to the Chancellorship. 
3^. A victim of the custom of the age — bribery. 
13^ Sir Walter Raleigh. 

i^. His position at the court of Elizabeth. 
2^. His attitude towards the policy of James. 
3^. His expedition into the Spanish settlements of South America. 
4^. His death — the circumstances. 
14^. Settlement in America, 
i^. Jamestown — 1607. 
2^. On the coast of Maine — 1608. 
3^. Causes of failure. 
15^ The Pilgrim Fathers. 

i^. Cause for leaving England. 
2^. Cause for leaving Holland. 
3^. Landing at Plymouth — 1620. 
16^. The Puritan Emigration. 

i^. How they were attracted to America. 
2^. Settled at Salem — 1628. 
3^. Bermuda Islands. 



STUART ENGLAND 

17^. East India and other Companies. 
I". Purpose. 

2^. What they accomplished. 
18^. Discord between : 

i^. King and Nation. 

I*. Closer union with Scotland. 
2*. A marriage treaty with Spain. 
3*. Toleration of Catholics. 
4*. Persecution of Puritans. 
5*. Peace at any price. 
6*. Over the tax question. 

7*. Right to rule without accounting to any one. 
2^. King and Parliament. 

I*. Right to seat a contested member. 
2*. Attempt to force certain measures. 
3^. Financial disputes. 

1*. Revenues inadequate to meet demands. 
2*. King's expenses. 

3*. The petition of the House of Commons to the King. 
4*. The Great Protestation. 
I*. What it contained. 
2*. The King's respect for it. 
19^. Close of the Reign of James I. 
i^. Failure of his plans. 

2'. Charles and Buckingham assuming authority. 
3^. Impeachment of Middlesex. 
Charles I. 

I-. His education and general character. 
2-. The influence of Buckingham. 
3'. War with Spain. 
I*. The cause. 
2^. The events. 

I*. The three fleets and what each accomplished. 
2*. The attitude of the king towards parliament. 
4^. The War with France, 
i^. Cause. 
2^. Events. 
3*. Results. 
5-. Charles and Parliament. 

i^. The effect Buckingham had on determining the attitude of parliament. 
2^. The impeachment of Buckingham. 

3^. King's treatment of the citizens in his preparations for war. 
4^ The "Petition of Right." 
I*. What it contained. 
2*. Its importance. 
5^. Religious Disputes. 

I*. Cause of a reversal of feeling towards Catholics. 
2*. Puritanism in parliament. 
6'. Tonnage and poundage. 

I*. Difference between a tax and a duty. 
2*. Eliot's resolution. 
6^. Personal Government of Charles I. 

i'. Similar experiences in France, Spain, and Germany. 
2^. The Ministers. 

I*. Lord Weston — Treasurer. 
2*. Thomas Wentworth — Earl of Strafford. 
3*. William Laud — Bishop of London. 
4*. Punishments. 

I''. Of Sir John Eliot. 
2^. By the Star Chamber Court of 
i". Leighton. 
2'^. William Prynne. 
3^. By the Court of High Commission. 
4^. What effect had these punishments upon public opinion? 



STUART ENGLAND 



5*. Metropolitical Visitations. 

i^. Three reasons for Laud's failure. 

1. Did not appreciate the religious feelings of the Puri- 
tans. 

2. He had an exaggerated notion of the duty of submis- 
sion to authority. 

3. His policy was force rather than persuasion. 
6*. Declaration of Sports. 

i^. The Mediaeval idea of Sabbath observances. 
2^. Provisions. 
7*. Distraint of knighthood, monopolies, and the forests. 
Methods of raising money. 

1°. Holders of land of certain rent values must become knights. 
2^. Organization of corporations to monopolize trade. 
3^^. Fines placed upon those who inclosed forest lands. 
4^. Ship money. 

1. The decision in the John Hampden case. 

2. Popular objections. 

8*. Thomas Wentworth — Earl of Strafford. 

v". President of the Council of the North. 
2.''. Lord Deputy of Ireland. 
3^^. Minister to the king — "Thorough" his policy. 
II. The Great Rebellion and the Commonw^ealth (1640- 1660) 

1. The Scottish Rebellion. 

i^. Episcopacy. 

2-. Presbyterianism. 

3-. Efforts of James to reestablish the Episcopacy. 

4-. The Edinburgh demonstration of 1637. 

The national covenant. 
5-. The Edinburgh assembly of 1638. 

Five elements of a rebellious nature. 
6-. The Anglo-Scotch treaty, 
i^. Terms. 
2^. Its violation by the King. 

2. The Short Parliament. 
I-. Purpose. 

Reasons for its dissolution. 

The pepper cargo amiy and what it accomplished. 
The calling and the advice of the Great Council. 
Long Parliament — 1640. 
Of whom composed. 

The feeling concerning personal government. 
Attitude in matters of control. 
Legislation. 

i^. Execution of Strafford. 
2^. Constitutional Reforms. 

I*. "Non-dissolution Act." 
2*. The "Triennial Act." 
3*. The abolition of 

i^. The court of the Star Chamber. 
2^. The court of High Commission. 
3^ The council of the North. 
4". The court of the Marches of Wales. 
4*. Ship money declared illegal. 

5*. Custom duties without consent of parliament prohibited. 
6*. Fines forcing knighthood and enclosing forests prohibited. 
7*. The Grand Remonstrance, 
i^. Its purpose. 
2°. What it contained. 
8*. The "Root and Branch Bill." 
Irish Rebellion — 1641. 
i^. Cause. 
2^. Character. 

3^. The danger of an army to crush the rebellion. 
4^. Charles's charges of treason against Pym and Hampden. 



3' 

The 

I- 

2- 

3^ 

4' 



PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 

c 




Locate on this map such facts of history as can be made to illustrate the 
growing differences between the English people and their King. 



STUART ENGLAND 

6^ Attempted seizure of the five members, 
i^. Circumstances. 
2^. Results. 

I*. Act of Parliament putting the army under control of a parliamen- 
tary general. 
2*. Act of Parliament putting the country in a state of defense. 
3*. King's demand of Sir John Hotham rejected. 
4*. King raises his standard at Nottingham. 
7=. Civil War. 

i^. Causes — See results of 6^ above. 
2". Events. 

I*. The line-up of parties, 
i''. Cavaliers. 
2^. Roundheads. 
2*. The Solemn League and Covenant. 

^The results at Marston Moor — 1644. 
3*. Establishment of the Westminster Confession. 
4*. The New Model Army. 

i''. Presbyterians — the peace party and why? 
2^. Independents — the war party and why? 
3^. The "Self-denying ordinance" and what it accomplished. 
5*. The battle at Naseby — 1645. 

i^ Surrender of the king to the Scotch Army. 
2^. King imprisoned at Holmby House. 
6*. Negotiations with the king. 
8^. Second Civil War. 
i^. Causes. 

I*. Attitude of Presbyterians and Independents on the restoration of 

the King. 
2*. Parliament's attempt to disband the army. 
— Military custody of the king. 
2'. Events. 

I*. Pride's Purge. 

2*. The "Rump Parliament." 

The High Court of Justice. 
1°. Its personnel. 
2^. Its purpose and work. 
3^. Its source of authority. 
4^^. Its method of procedure and why? 
3*. Change in the king's demeanor. 

4*. How public opinion regarded the execution — Eikon Basilike. 
9^. The Commonwealth. 

i^. Its organization. 

I*. The "Agreement of the People." 
2*. The attitude and acts of the "Rump Parliament." 
i^. Council of state — the execution. 
2^. Office of king abolished. 
3^. House of Lords abolished. 
2^. Conquests or military campaigns. 
I*. Ireland. 

i^. Cause. 
2^. Events. 
2*. In Scotland, 
i^. Cause. 
2^. Events. 
3^ Results. 
3*. The Dutch War. 

1°. Trade relations. 
2^. Navigation Acts, 
i". Purpose. 
2''. Provisions. 
3''. Treaty of 1654. 



STUART ENGLAND 

3^ Expulsion of the Long Parliament — End of the Commonwealth. 
Cromwell and the Army Officers. 
i^. Provisional Council of State. 
2-. Call of the Little Parliament. 

Personal characteristics represented. 
The Protectorate. 

I-. The "Instrument of Government." 
i^. A Lord Protector. 
2'. A Council of State. 
3^. A parliament of one house. 
2^ The Policy. 

i^. Abroad. 

I''. Secured protection to the Protestants of Savoy. 

2*. Secured protection and indemnity for English merchants on the 

Mediterranean Sea. 
3*. Carried on a successful war against Spain. 
2^. At home. 

I*. Opposed by those who favored a more democratic government. 
2*. Difficulty in raising money. 

The eleven military districts. 
3'. The death of Cromwell. 
4'. Richard Cromwell. 

I*. His inefficiency. 
2*. His abdication. 
Long Parliament reassembles. 

I-. The summoning of the Convention Parliament. 
2-. The dissolution — 1660. 
The Convention Parliament. 
The request to Prince Charles. 

PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 



PUFILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS 




Locate on this map such places and facts of history as will illustrate the 
interregnum period — 1640 to 1660. 



STUART ENGLAND 



III. Personal Monarchy Restored — (1660-1688) 

1. The Declaration of Breda. 

i^. What it set forth. 
2". How it was received. 

The Resolution of May i, 1660. 

2. Charles II. 

I-. Made legal the existing parliament. 
2-. His character and determination. 

The lesson couched in this attitude. 
3-. The Action of Parliament. 

i^. Confiscated estates returned. 

2^. Soldiers paid and army disbanded. 

3^. The act of pardons — the exceptions. 

4''. Feudal payments due the king abolished. 

5^. Laid a revenue tax on malt and some articles of common use. 

&. Episcopacy reestablished- — 1661. 

7^. Clarendon Code. 

I''. Corporation Act — 1661. 
2*. Act of Uniformity — 1662. 
i''. Provisions. 

2^. Results. (The Dessenters). 
3*. Conventicle Act — 1664. 
4*. Five Mile Act — 1665. 
4^. Declarations of Indulgencies. 

1^. King's reasons for the declaration. 
The "dispensing power" of the king. 



6\ 



3". Parliament's objections. 

4^. The Test Act — 1673. 
The Popish Plot — Titus Oates. 

The effect — The Exclusion Bill. 
The Succession to the Crown. 
Dread of Civil War. 



1679. 



i^. Meeting of Parliament at Oxford. 
2^. Attitude of leading parliamentarians. 
3^ The "Rye House Plot." 
4^. Execution of Russell and Sidney. 
5^. Exile of the Duke of Monmouth. 
8^ The Anglo-Dutch War of 1664. 
i'. Cause — trade rivalry. 
2^. Events. 

I*. England's Navigation Acts. 

2*. Channel Engagements. 
3^ Terms of the Treaty of 1667. 
<f. The Triple Alliance. 
i^. Reasons. 

I*. Dread of the growing power of France. 

2*. Bonds of race and religion. 

3''. Charles provides reason that he might be paid to withdraw. 
2^. Members — 

England, Holland, and Sweden. 
lo^ Subservience of Charles II to France, 
i^. Reasons. 

2^. Terms of the Treaty of Dover. 
11^ Third War with the Dutch — 1672-74. 
i'. Causes. 
2^. Events. 

3^. Neutrality of England secured by French gold. 
12^. The Ministers. 

I*. Edward Hyde — Earl of Clarendon. 

I*. Character. 

2*. Church position. 

3*. Opposition to a parliamentary probe. 

4*. Impeachment. 

5*. His history of "The Great Rebellion." 



STUART ENGLAND 



15== 



16- 



20^. 



2'. The Cabal. 

I*. Of whom composed. 
2*. Their management of affairs. 
13^. Power of Parliament Recognized. 

i^. Why Charles dismissed his ministers. 
2'. Charles's attitude in the Triple Alliance. 
14^. Political Parties. 

I*. The part parliament took in government during si.xteenth century. 
2^. Favorable conditions after the restoration. 
3^. The basis for parties. 

4^. Petitioners and Abhorrers — Whigs and Tories. 
5^. Effect on the power of Parliament. 
6^. Principles of each party. 

7^. Line-up of the citizenship (classes of people). 
The Attack on the charters, 
i'. The purpose. 
2^. The method. 
3". The results. 
How a standing army was created. 
Men of letters. 
I^. John Milton. 

I*. Education. 

2*. Governmental position. 

3^. Literary works. 

I. Areopagitica. 

2. Eikonoclastes. 

3. Paradise Lost. 
2^. John Bunyan. 

i'. Education. 
2*. Pilgrim's Progress. 
The Habeas Corpus Act. (Continued from page 76.) 

i^. The occasion for its passage. 

2*. Its value. 
The Plague. 

i'. Its cause. 

2^. Its effects. 
The Great Fire. 

The effects. 

i^. Sanitation. 

2^. Property loss. 

3^. Architecture. 
Science and Art. 

i^. Work of the Roj^al Society. 

2'. The work of Sir Isaac Newton. 

3*. Work of Holbein, Vandyke, and Cooper. 
Drinks. 

i^. Coffee. 

2^. Tea. 

3^. Chocolate. 
Newspapers. 
Death of Charles II. 
II. 

His character. 

His notion of kingly authority. 
The causes for his apparent popularity. 
The invasion of Duke Monmouth. 

i^. Battle of Sedgemoor — 1686. 

2'. Bloody Assizes. 

Work of Judge Jeffreys — his character. 



23 • 

24^. 

3. James 

4'- 



STUART ENGLAND 



IV. 



Increasing tyranny. 

Distrust of both Whigs and Tories. 
Attempt to empower Roman Catholics. 
3''. Increased the standing army. 
4^. Established an ecclesiastical commission. 
5^. Dispensing power. 

I*. A test case and the decision. 

2*. Church and university appointments. 

i^. Dean of Christ Church College — Catholic. 
2^. Head of Christ Church College — Catholic. 
3'. Bishop Parker of Oxford. 

4'. Contest over the presidency of Magdalen College, Oxford. 
3*. Declaration of Indulgence — 1687-1688. 
i^. Reason for its grant. 
2^. Reason for certain opposition. 
3^^. Petition of the Seven Bishops, 
i''. Attitude of the king. 
2°. The king's charges against them. 
3". The verdict and its effects. 
&. Birth of a Prince. 

I**. The hope of the English people for Protestant leadership. 
2^. Invitation to William of Orange. 

i^ William's retaliation against Louis XIV of France. 
2*. General European conditions — 1688. 
3*. James's attempts to retrieve his lost prestige. 
7-. Landing of William. 

i''. March from Tor bay to London. 
2^. The flight of King James to France. 
3^. William's call of an advisory committee. 
The call of a convention parliament. 

1*. The resolution declaring the throne vacant. 

2*. The declaration of rights and the offer of the Crown to William 
and Mary. 
Constitutional Monarchy. (1688-17 14.) 
I. William and Mary. 

I-. The convention made into a parliament. 
2^. Acts of the new parliament. 
i^ The Bill of Rights. 

I*. Dispensing power illegal. 
2*. The right of subjects to petition established. 

3*. No standing army in times of peace without consent of parliament. 
4*. Free election of members of parliament. 
5*. Freedom of speech and debate in parliament. 
6*. Excessive bail, fines, and cruel punishments prohibited. 
7*. Frequent meetings of parliament. 
2^ Mutiny Act. 
3'. Annual Tax Grant. 
4^. Toleration Act. 

I*. Cause — growth of the spirit of democracy. 
2*. Provisions. 
5^. Freedom of the press established. 

Cause— growth of the spirit of DEMOCRACY. 
3^. Insurrections. 

i^. In Ireland. 

I*. Cause — aroused sympathy for James II. 

2*. Battle of Boyne — 1690. 

3*. Capture of Limerick — 1691. 

4*. The Treaty. 

i^. Irish leaders allowed to leave the country. 
2°. Catholics allowed to practice their religion. 
5*. Limerick, "The city of the Broken Treaty." 



STUART ENGLAND 

2'. In Scotland. 

I*. Situation in and acts of the Scotch parliament. 
2*. Battle of Killiecrankie. 
3*. Use of English money. 

4*. Massacre of Glencoe. Work of Sir John Dalrymple, king's min- 
ister in Scotland. 
4^, English hostility to France, 
i^. Causes. 

I*. France's threat to restore Catholicism. 
2^. Jealousies between American and Indian colonies. 
3*. Growing military power of France. 
2". English Allies : England, Holland, Spain, and German Empire. 
3^ Battle of Beachy Head. 
4^. Battle of La Hogue. 
5^. Capture of Namur. 
6'. Treaty of Ryswick. 
5^ Personal Position of William, 
i^. He was a foreigner. 
2^. He was cold and silent. 
3^. He was hard working. 

4". He was valued and respected but not loved. 
5^ Attitude of many people towards the deposed king — James II. 
6^. Political Position of William. 

i^. Parliament's attitude regarding the standing army. 
2^. William's attitude regarding the standing army. 
3*. Parliament's withdrawal of certain land grants. 
4^. Impeachment of four of the king's ministers. 
7^. Party Government. 

i^. All parties represented in William's first cabinet. 
2^. First all-Whig cabinet in 1694. 

I*. To accord with majority in Parliament. 
2*. A highly restrictive power. 
8=. The Cabinet. 

i^. The advisors of Charles II — Cabal. 
2^. The advisors of William III. 
3*. The "Whig Junto." 
g\ The National Debt. 

i'. Custom of borrowing from individuals. 

2^. The parliamentary Act borrowing one million pounds — 1692. 
3'''. Method of payment. 
10-. Bank of England. 

i^ Suggestion of William Patterson. 
2^ The stock company of wealthy merchants. 
11^ Act of Settlement — 1701. 

i'. Determined the succession to the throne. 

2'. Every ruler of England must be a member of the Church of England. 
3^ Judges hold office during good behavior. 
4^ Impeachment takes precedence over king's pardon. 
12^. War of the Spanish Succession. 
i^. Causes. 

I*. Settlement of the Succession to the Spanish throne. 

2*. The "partition treaties." 

3*. "There are no more Pyrenees." 

4*. The Grand Alliance of 1701. 

How England was drawn into the War. 
2'. Events. 

I*. The rise of John Churchill — Duke of Marlborough. 
2*. English victories and circumstances of same. 
i^. Blenheim — 1704. 
2^ Ramillies — 1706. 
3=. Oudenarde — 1708. 
4''. Malplaquet — 1709. 
3^ The terms of the treaty of Utrecht— 1713. 



^ STUAKT ENGLAND 

I 

13^. The English Naval Supremacy. 

Reasons for the navies of other powers declining. 
14-. Union with Scotland — 1707. 

i^. The commission of 1702 and its work. 
2^. Scotch representation in parliament. 
15^. Ireland in the Eighteenth Century. 

i^. The withdrawal of many of her leading people. • . 

2^. The membership of the Irish Parliament. 
3*. The "penal laws," eduational laws, etc. 
4^. The trade laws of Ireland — the effects. 
16^. Political parties under Queen Anne. 

i^. Tory in sentiment and Whig in practice. 
2^. Full Whig ministry in 1708. 
3^. Establishment of three customs. 

I*. Ministry must be in accord with majority of commons. 
2*. Ministry must be all of same party. 

3*. Ministry must resign when sovereign refuses to sign a measure. 
4^. The impeachment of Sacheverell and Tory ascendency. 
5^. "Occasional Conformity Acts" 
"Property Qualification Acts" 
"Schism Act." 

OBJECT: The object to be observed in the study of this period of English history is the ultimate 
failure of unrestricted authority and its subsequent displacement with the constitutional monarchy. 

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Locate on this map such places as will clearly illustrate the reign of 
Queen Anne — 1702 to 1714. 



HANOVERIAN ENGLAND 

' (1714 to 19—) 

ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney — Section 487 of chapter 17, chapters 18, 19, and 20. 
Andrews — Section 302 of chapter 12 through chapter 13. 
Montgomery — Period 10. 

PRESENTATION : This lesson recounts the story of England of to day ; the attempted restoration 
of the absolute monarchy by George III and the development of a more genuine democratic spirit. 

The subject will best be understood by means of the following outline. 
H. HANOVERIAN ENGLAND: 

I. Foundations of the British Empire. 
I. George I and George II. 

I-. The accession of George I. 
i^. Type of manhood. 
2^. Attitude towards the Tories. 
3^. The Whig aristocracy. 
2^. Jacobite Rising of the Earl of Mar. 
32. The South Sea Bubble. 

i^. Purpose of the South Sea Company. 

2^. Government support — its effect upon the speculative spirit. 
3^. The results or effects. 
I*. Financial. 

2*. Political — the establishment of responsibility. . 
4^. Ministry of Walpole. 

i''. His official position. 

2'. His attitude towards the South Sea Company. 

3^. His settlement of the South Sea Company's affairs. 

4^. His policy. 

I*. Abroad — peace. 

2*. At home — conciliation of party differences. 
5^. Parliamentary corruption. 
5^. The Rising of the Young Pretender, 
i^. Value of Walpole's policy. 
■2^. Results at Preston Pans. 
3'. March on London. 
4^. Results at Culloden Moor. 
6^. Rise of Methodism. 

i^. Moral conditions in England. 
2^. Religious conditions in England. 
3^. John and Charles Wesley and George Whitefield. 
4'. Character of preaching. 
5^. Separation from the established church. 
First Methodist Conference — 1774- 
■ 6^. Effects upon the established church. 
7^. The Young Patriot Party. 

i^. Political conditions in England under Walpole. 
2^. The position and work of William Pitt. 
3^. War with Spain — (Jenkins's ear). 
I*. Cause. 
2*. England's part, 
i^. Events. 

2°. Peace of Aix la Chapelle. 
8^. The colonization of Nova Scotia. 

Disposition of discharged soldiers. 
9^. Reform of the calendar. 

i^. The Julian calendar. 
2^. The Gregorian correction — 1582. 
3^. Objections. 
10^. English and French in America. 

i^. Location of the French colonies. 
2". Location of the English colonies. 
3^. Organization of the "Ohio Company." 
4*. Efforts of Washington and Braddock. 



HANOVERIAN ENGLAND 



The Seven Years' War. 
i^. The causes. 

2^. How England was drawn into it. 
3^. The ministry of Pitt and his influence. 

His poHcy concerning the soldiery. 
4^. The American branch — French and Indian. 
I*. Pitt's policy. 
2''. English victories. 
5^. The Indian part. 

I*. Character of warfare compared to that of America. 
2*. The conquest and organization of emperor Akbar. 
3''. Location and purposes of European settlements. 
4''. Duplei.K — his policy. 
S*. Clive. 

i''. English method of protection. 

2^. Return of Clive and Dupleix. 

3''. Vengeance for tragedy of Calcutta. 

4=. Battle of Plassey— 1757. 

5=. Batde of Wandewash — 1760. 



6^. Terms of the Peace of Paris 
II. The American and French Revolutions. 
I. George III. 



I-. 



6-. 



7"'- 



Plis accession. 
His education and training. 
His ideas of government. 
His ministry. 

i''. How it was obtained and maintained. 
2*. The personnel. 
The industrial revolution. 

I^. By what marked or indicated. 
2'. Inventions. 

I*. Spinning-jenny. 
2*. Water Frame. 
3'. Application of power. 
I*. Water. 
2*. Steam. 
The factory system. 
Manufacturing districts. 
Roads and canals. 
Coal and iron. 
Inclosures. 

I*. The John Wilkes incident. 
2*. The Junius Letters. 
Grievances in America, 
i^. The Navigation Acts. 
2^. The Stamp Act. 

3''. The American idea of Representation. 
4^. The English idea of Representation. 
5^. The American Declaration of Independence. 
&. American sympathizers. 
I*. Pitt. 
2\ Burke. 
3^ Fox. 
The American War. 

i^. England's policy. 
■ 2^. America's defense. 
3°. Incidents 
4^*. Peace of 1783. 
Home Rule in Ireland, 
i^. "Poyning's Law." 

2^. Effects of the Franco-Spanish-American alliance. 
3'. The work of Grattan. 
The effect of the resolution of the Commons in 1780. 



_ HANOVERIAN ENGLAND 

io^. William Pitt the younger. . : 

i^. His education and character. 

2^. How he organized the New Tory Party. 

3^. Defects in the representation. 
I''. Rotten boroughs. 
2*. Unrepresented towns and classes. 

4^ The Lord George Gordon riots. 
The circumstances. 
11^. The Reform Parliament. 

What it attempted and accomplished. 
I2-. The French Reaction. 

i^. The work of the national assembly. 

2?. The social reforms. 

3^ The fall of the Bastile. 
13^. English opinion of French Revolution. 

i^. Position of Fox. 

2^ Demands of the Whig Associations. 

3'. Position of Burke. 

4^. Strengthening of the New Tory Party. 
14^. War Between England and France. 

i^. The foreign policy of William Pitt. 

2^. Causes. 

3^. Treaty of Amiens — 1802. 
15". Close of the Revolutionary agitation in England. 
1 6-. Irish Revolution and the Union. 

i'*. Society of "United Irishmen." 

2". How the union was accomplished. 
The effects or results. 
17^. Abolition of the slave trade. 
18^. Renewal of the war with France. 

i^. Causes. 

2^. The services of Lord Nelson. 

3^. Results. 
19^ The War of 1812 with the United States of America". 

i^. Causes. 

2^. Events. 

3^. Results — treaty. 
III. Period of Reform. 

1. The Manchester massacre. 

i^. The causes. 
2-. The incidents. 
3-. The effects. 

i^. Aroused hatred and anger. 

2^. Started Emigration of the working classes. 

2. George IV — 1820-1830. 

I-. Changes in the ministry. 
2^. Reforms of the penal code. 

3^. Repeal of the Test Act and the Corporation Act— 1828. 
4-. The Catholic Emancipation Act — 1829. 
Effect of the election of 1830. 

3. William IV — 1830-1837. 

I-. The Reform Bill of 1832. 

i^. The circumstances. 

2^. The provisions. 
2". Abolition of Slavery in the Colonies. 

i^. Provisions of the Act — 1833. 

23. Effects. 
3^. The Factory Act of 1833. 

1 3. Conditions making such measures necessary. 

2^. The provisions. 
4°. The Reform of the Poor Law — 1834. 
S=. Municipal corporation Reform Act — 1835. 
&. Cheap postage. 



HANOVERIAN ENGLAND 



4. Queen Victoria — 1837-1901. 

I-. Her right to the throne. 

2*. Her education and character. 

3^. Reforms continued. 

i^. The change in names of political parties. 
2^. The organization of trade Unions. 
3^. The demands of the chartists. 
4^. Introduction of free trade. 

The Corn Law League. 
5^. Proposed repeal of the union with Ireland. 
&. Inventions and discoveries. 
I*. Steamboats. 
2*. Railroads. 
3*. Telegraphs. 
4-. The Crystal Palace E.xposition — 185 1. 
IV. Growth of Democracy. 

1. The Crimean War. 

I-. Causes. 
2^. Events. 
3^. Results — Peace of Paris — 1856. 

2. Affairs in India. 

I-. The administration of Warren Hastings. 
2^. The political and commercial adjustment of 1784. 
. 3^. The "Protected" states. 
4^. The Sepoy Rebellion. 

i^. The circumstances. 
2^. The results. 
The effect of the provisions of the bill of 1858. 
The title of the English sovereign. 

3. Petty Wars. 
iK In Egypt. 
2^. In Afghanistan. 
3-. In China — The Opium War. 

4. The Civil War in America. 
I-. Sympathies of the English people. 
2-. The Mason and Slidell incident. 
3^. The cotton famine in Lancashire. 
4-. The "Alabama" — what it represented. 
5-. The position of the laboring classes. 

5. The ministry of Lord Palmerston — 1809-1865. 
I-. Pupil of Canning — moderate tory. 
2-. Leader of the liberals — 1830- 1865. 
3-. Position on the Parliamentary Reform Bill. 

6. Gladstone and the Revival of Parliamentary Reform, 
i^. A moderate conservative. 
2^ Pupil of Peel. 
3^. Liberal leader. 

4^ Chancellor in a conservative ministrj^ — 1853. 
5^. Chancellor in a liberal ministry — 1858. 
6". His efforts at reform. 

7. Disraeli and the principle of reform. 
I-. Conservative leader. 
2\ The Reform Bill of 1867. 

i^. The prevailing spirit in parliament. 
2^. The provisions of the measure. 

8. Election of 1868— (Liberal- 
Gladstone's Reform Administration. 

Disestablishment of the Irish Church. 

The Irish land law of 1870. 
3^. Free elementary schools — 1871. 
4^. Reorganization of the army — 1871. 
5^ Reorganization of the judiciary. 



5-- 
6-. 



_ HANOVERIAN ENGLAND 

C 

9. Disraeli^Imperial policy. 

i^. Purchase of the Suez Canal stock. 
2^. At the congress of Berlin. 
3^. Causes of unpopularity. 

10. Electipn of 1884 — (Liberal) — 

Gladstone's continued reforms. 
I-. Extension of the Electorate in 1884. 
2^. The divisions into electoral districts. 
3^. County councils and parish councils. 
4^. Irish Home Rule. 

i^. Efforts of Stewart Parnell. 

2^. Final efforts of Gladstone. 

11. British colonial dependencies. 

i^. Colonies acquired by conquest. 
2^. Colonies acquired by settlement. 
3^. Canada. 

i''. Settlement. 

2^. Union of the upper and lower Canada — 1840. 
3^. Federal dominion — 1867. 
i^. Quebec. 
2*. Ontario. 
3*. Nova Scotia. 
4*. New Brunswick. 
4^. The form of Government. 
4^. Australia and New Zealand, 
i^. Character of settlers. 
2^ Industries. 
3^. Government. 
. 5^. South Africa. 

i^. Cape Colony settled by the Dutch — 1806. 
I*. Orange Free State. 
2*. The Transvaal. 
3*. Annexation to the British. 
4*. The Boer War. 

1. Causes. 

2. Events. 

3. Results. 

2^. South African Federation. 

12. Imperial Federation. 

13. Labor in parliament. 

14. The Budget of 1909. 

15. Woman Suft'rage. 

16. England in the European War of 1914. 

OBJECT: The object in the study of this lesson is found in the expanding of the spirit of considera- 
tion, the essential element in democracy. 

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